SpeciesChimpanzee
Endangered

Chimpanzee

Pan troglodytes

About the Chimpanzee

The chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) is a great ape native to the forests and savannas of sub-Saharan Africa, and our closest living relative, sharing approximately 98.7% of our DNA. Four subspecies are recognized, each occupying a distinct geographic range across western, central, and eastern Africa, from lowland rainforests to montane woodland edges. Chimpanzees live in fission-fusion communities that can number up to 150 individuals, and they play a measurable role in forest regeneration by dispersing the seeds of dozens of plant species across large territories.

The IUCN Red List classifies the chimpanzee as Endangered, with populations in decline across most of their range. Habitat loss driven by agricultural expansion, logging, and human settlement is the primary pressure, compounded by hunting for bushmeat, the illegal pet trade, and disease transmission from humans, including respiratory illnesses and Ebola virus disease. Populations are now fragmented across roughly 21 countries, with the largest remaining concentrations found in the Congo Basin.

Things worth knowing

  • Chimpanzees are documented tool users, fashioning sticks to extract termites from mounds, stone anvils to crack nuts, and leaf sponges to collect drinking water.
  • A chimpanzee community's home range can span anywhere from 5 to over 100 square kilometers depending on habitat quality and food availability.
  • Females give birth to a single infant roughly every five years, and young chimpanzees typically remain dependent on their mothers for up to a decade.
  • Chimpanzees communicate through a rich repertoire of vocalizations, facial expressions, and gestures, including a long-distance call known as the pant-hoot that can be heard up to 2 kilometers away.
  • Research at Bossou, Guinea, has shown that chimpanzee populations retain and transmit specific tool-use techniques culturally, with distinct practices observed across different regional groups.
  • The western chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) is assessed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, a more severe status than the species as a whole.
Who protects them

0 organizations protect the Chimpanzee

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