The giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) is the world's tallest living terrestrial animal, reaching heights of up to 5.8 meters, and is native to the savannas, grasslands, and open woodlands of sub-Saharan Africa. Nine subspecies are recognized across this range, each associated with distinct geographic regions and coat patterns, from the reticulated giraffe of northern Kenya to the Masai giraffe of Tanzania and southern Kenya.
Giraffes are browsers rather than grazers, feeding primarily on the leaves, flowers, and pods of acacia and other trees, which places them in a foraging niche largely inaccessible to other large herbivores. This feeding behavior influences tree structure and seed dispersal across wide areas. The IUCN Red List classifies the species as Vulnerable, with the global population estimated at fewer than 117,000 individuals as of recent assessments, having declined by up to 40 percent over the past three decades. Habitat loss from agricultural expansion, illegal hunting, human-wildlife conflict, and the effects of civil unrest in parts of the range are the primary drivers of that decline.
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